OK, there is some progress to report.
I tried recording a few practice sessions using my laptop webcam. The video is a big help in other contexts, but the audio wasn't always synched and it was a big hassle. Back to the "live" metronome.
After expanding my awareness level, I realized that part of my problem was the wall clock that was ticking at 60bpm - (mostly at 60 - it runs on a battery and I think the battery is a bit weak). Funny, that clock has been there over a year and I never noticed the sound until I started trying to listen for the metronome.
Having dealt with the clock issue, I still couldn't play with the metronome, so I resorted to extreme measures. I downloaded the Ipod metronome app, plugged my Ipod into the stereo, put the speaker on the floor near my feet, and turned the volume down and the bass way up. It made my toes tingle, but it worked. By feeling the metronome, I didn't have to watch or listen for it, and I wasn't so distracted by it that I couldn't play. I had a "Mr. Holland's Opus moment." Congratulations me! I finally found the beat.
Best part? I can mostly confirm that I really do play in time. I say mostly because I haven't actually been able to play a whole piece with the metronome, just small sections at a time.
Thanks everyone for the tips! From here, I think it's just a matter of diligent practice and I can add a new tool to my arsenal.
